显然,社区如今已掌握一套有效策略来阻止数据中心建设。据NBC新闻报道,本周研究人员指出,2026年第一季度将成为“有记录以来数据中心项目受阻和延迟最多的时期”。
据NBC新闻报道,AI情报公司10a Labs旗下的“数据中心观察”项目追踪了全美各地的数据中心争端,报告显示,抗议者“在1月至3月期间,已阻止或延迟了全国至少75个项目,涉及金额约1300亿美元”。
研究人员表示,这是“自2023年开始追踪以来,三个月周期内的最高纪录”,不应被解读为“周期性激增”。相反,这背后存在“结构性转变”,因为“社区已内化了一套反对策略,立法会议引入了正式的监管不确定性,活跃反对团体的数量翻了一番以上,达到833个,遍布49个州”。
数据中心抗议活动背后的政治势头预计将影响即将到来的中期选举,随着反对声浪加剧,两党对抵抗行动的同情度都在上升。
社会学家对数据中心反对运动的独特见解
社会学家特雷西·麦克米伦·科顿一直在北卡罗来纳州与组织者交流,以更深入地了解推动这一势头的策略。她在《纽约时报》发表专栏文章,鼓励民主党将数据中心作为关键竞选议题。她写道,自己“原本并不认为数据中心抵抗运动具有政治可行性”,但“实地走访改变了我的看法”。
麦克米伦·科顿写道,人们不仅跨越政治分歧来反对当地建设项目,而且“他们充满热情,愿意参加关于水权、土地利用和热力学的政治教育课程”。她解释说,人们不仅仅是为了防止嘈杂的工厂推高公用事业成本、威胁公共健康或浪费当地资源而自我教育;有些人还是第一次体验到,通过政治意愿与邻居合作克服逆境的感受。
“我一直在北卡罗来纳州的社区会议、组织活动和公民培训中,亲眼目睹这股新兴的异议浪潮。这场抵抗运动中有终身参与者、来自环保和住房运动的资深人士,以及年轻的组织者。还有许多从未想过会在公开场合与人争执的人,更不用说考虑加入一场喧闹的社会运动了。
住在数据中心隔壁的迫在眉睫的风险,可能是他们出席会议的原因,但他们投身于这个问题,是出于更宏大、更深层的理由。政治腐败和企业不法行为让他们感到在政治上无能为力。表达反对意见、与他人分享焦虑、回忆那些压制他们的政客,并在某些情况下击败对手——这给了他们一些很少有政客能提供的东西——一种对政治权力的体验。”
尽管民主党人可能很难制定出一套利用反数据中心情绪的国家级宣传口径,但麦克米伦·科顿认为,如果他们能做到,这将是赢得更多选举的“最大的未开发机遇”。
Data Center Watch 指出,2026 年初被阻止或延迟的数据中心总价值达 1300 亿美元,这一纪录已接近他们记录的 2025 年全年总额(约 1560 亿美元)。研究人员认为,2025 年下半年标志着一个“转折点,因为反对数据中心已成为一个国家级叙事”,这表明 AI 行业不能再将这些斗争视为个别的分区纠纷。Data Center Watch 去年报道称,这“正在重塑全国范围内的选举、监管和选址可行性”。
据 NBC 新闻报道,对于那些希望快速建设数据中心以推动美国 AI 雄心的官员来说,面对随着行动策略逐渐成形而日益增长的反对声浪,处境十分艰难。Data Center Watch 发现,此前官员们因在未与附近居民讨论建设事宜的情况下悄悄签署协议而受到批评,而现在,在协议尚未敲定之前,他们就已经遭遇了强烈反对。
研究人员报告称,“在某些情况下,反对声音在项目正式提交之前就已形成,仅仅是关于数据中心的传闻就足以引发有组织的抵制。”
AI 行业努力反驳相关叙事
AI 公司、数据中心开发商,以及希望从达成重大交易中获益的官员,正开始尽其所能地反击对数据中心的负面情绪。
最近,OpenAI 发布了一份报告,声称中国正试图通过使用 ChatGPT 来影响美国关于数据中心的讨论。OpenAI 报告称,他们迅速封禁了那些不良行为者,这些人制作漫画和表情包发布在 X 平台上,并生成社交媒体评论,据称目的是为了左右美国的舆论。
麦克米伦·科顿指出,还有一种趋势是将公众的反对声音描绘成“天真”,或者“更糟,是不爱国的表现”。
数据中心的支持者认为,关于电价上涨或水资源的争论是信息有误的。在《大西洋月刊》近期一篇声称“对数据中心的恐慌被夸大了”的文章中,强调只有遭受干旱的地区或电网紧张的区域才需要担心这些问题。经济学家则指出,各社区可能忽视了那些鲜少被讨论的长期利益,例如“随着新数据中心吸引使用 AI 的企业,就业增长可能会扩大”。
《大西洋月刊》指出,在弗吉尼亚州劳登县,过去 20 年间已建造了 5300 万平方英尺的数据中心。尽管数据中心仅占该县土地面积的约 3%,但它们却贡献了“其近一半的房产税收入——预计 2026 年将达到 13 亿美元”。虽然部分数据中心项目因噪音投诉而从住宅区迁出,但总体而言,社区因允许数据中心入驻而受益匪浅,享受到了更低的税率和更实惠的住房。
本周,Meta 声称在路易斯安那州也取得了类似的数据中心公关胜利。据《华尔街日报》报道,这家科技巨头的一个数据中心项目使里奇兰教区的销售和使用税收入增加了一倍多,由于一项“允许学校董事会征收 1% 的销售税来为教师提供奖金”的法令,一些教师因此获得了 5 万美元的奖金。
该教区商会主任、同时也是将土地出售给 Meta 用于建设数据中心的农民斯科特·富兰克林告诉《华尔街日报》,“任何抱怨教师拿到 5 万美元支票的人,都会立刻在我这里失去所有可信度。”
但《大西洋月刊》的报道似乎忽略了当地人对数据中心最大的抱怨之一:缺乏全面的环境审查。大多数情况下,社区只是不希望地方官员采取唐纳德·特朗普和其他共和党人所呼吁的那种走捷径来加速数据中心审批的做法。
在伊利诺伊州,州长 J.B. 普利兹克正在推动立法者制定一个以适当环境审查为核心的负责任数据中心发展立法框架。而其他城市、县和州也在转变策略,让居民获得更多信息,因为越来越多的交易因居民大声反对而受阻。最近,犹他州的一个数据中心开发商在遭到强烈反对导致该场地获批土地总面积减少 50% 后,承诺亲自处理所有沟通事宜,以提高其建设项目的透明度。
民主党人迟迟不愿加入抵制数据中心的行列
麦克米伦·科特姆认为,无论左派还是右派,都没有公职人员完善其信息传达以契合反数据中心情绪。她表示,可能是金钱阻碍了民主党人全力支持抵制数据中心运动,因为许多 AI 公司正在向竞选活动捐赠数亿美元以影响选举。
马萨诸塞州参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦表示,她计划对AI公司征税以迫使其提高透明度的方案“有点书呆子气”。而参议员伯尼·桑德斯呼吁让美国民众从AI中获益——特朗普在某种程度上也同意这一点——这取决于建立一个财富基金,至少有一位批评者警告称,该基金“将巩固科技行业尚未得到证实的、关于其重要性的主张”。
或许众议员亚历山德里娅·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯最接近触动了全国性的愤怒情绪。在3月份与桑德斯共同呼吁全国范围内暂停建设数据中心后,她使用了据称装有受污染数据中心水的罐子,向美国环境保护局施压,指责其未能调查Meta在佐治亚州的一个项目。
Meta否认其佐治亚州数据中心正在污染水源。但分析人士认为,只要建设的长期危害仍不明确,且AI的风险仍很抽象,奥卡西奥-科尔特斯利用罐子来象征反对数据中心的直觉做法,似乎比最真诚的监管或征税努力更能触动神经、赢得支持。
《大西洋月刊》的文章总结道,“抵制数据中心的理由,最终可能与其说是实际成本,不如说是象征意义。”
与此类似,麦克米伦·科特姆认为,“那些站出来反对数据中心的选民表明,我们中有很多人想要不一样的东西。”她写道,许多政客和AI爱好者眼中的一片毫无根据的反对浪潮,实际上是“正义的愤怒,驱使数百万美国人从敌人身上移开目光,转而看到了一个值得为之奋斗的邻居和未来。”
It’s clear that communities now have an effective playbook to block data center construction. This week, researchers flagged the first quarter of 2026 as producing the “most blocked and delayed data center projects on record,” NBC News reported.
Data Center Watch, a project from AI intelligence firm 10a Labs that tracks data center fights around the US, reported that protestors “blocked or delayed at least 75 projects nationwide worth about $130 billion from January through March,” NBC News reported.
That’s “the most in a three-month period since the group began tracking in 2023,” and it shouldn’t be parsed as “a cyclical spike,” the researchers said. Instead, there’s been a “structural shift,” as “communities have internalized an opposition playbook, legislative sessions introduced formal regulatory uncertainty, and the number of active opposition groups more than doubled to 833 across 49 states,” researchers said.
The political momentum behind data center protests is expected to influence the upcoming midterm elections, with both parties increasingly sympathizing with resistance as opposition intensifies.
Sociologist’s unique take on data center opposition
Sociologist Tressie McMillan Cottom has been spending time with organizers in North Carolina to better understand the playbook that’s fueling this momentum. In an op-ed for the New York Times encouraging Democrats to make data centers a key campaign issue, she noted that she “wasn’t sold on data center resistance as a political possibility,” but “time on the ground changed my mind.”
Not only are people crossing political divides to oppose local construction projects, but also people “are passionate enough to attend political education sessions about water rights, land use, and thermodynamics,” McMillan Cottom wrote. As she explained, people aren’t just educating themselves to keep noisy factories from driving up utility costs, threatening public health, or wasting local resources; some people are, for the first time, experiencing what it’s like to work with their neighbors to overcome adversity through political will:
“I have been watching this new groundswell of dissent firsthand in community meetings, organizing sessions and civic trainings here in North Carolina. The resistance has lifelong joiners, alumni from environmental and housing movements and young organizers. There are also a lot of people who have never dreamed of being disagreeable in public, much less considered joining a raucous social movement. The imminent risk of living next to a data center may be why they show up for a meeting, but they’re committing to the issue for bigger, deeper reasons. Political corruption and corporate malfeasance make them feel politically impotent. Voicing their objections, sharing their anxieties with others, recalling politicians who override them and in some cases beating the opposition is giving them something few politicians are offering—a taste of political power.”
Although it may be hard for Democrats to craft a national message that capitalizes on anti-data-center sentiment, McMillan Cottom suggested that, if they could, it would be the “greatest untapped opportunity” to win more elections.
Data Center Watch noted that the record of $130 billion data centers blocked or delayed in early 2026 was close to matching the value of the total number they recorded for all of 2025, about $156 billion. The researchers suggested that the back half of 2025 marked a “turning point, as data center opposition emerged as a national-level narrative” that showed the AI industry can no longer see the fights as individual zoning disputes. It “is now reshaping elections, regulation, and site viability nationwide,” Data Center Watch reported last year.
For officials hoping to quickly build data centers to propel America’s AI ambitions, facing the mounting opposition as the playbook has come together has been tough, NBC News reported. Where before, officials were criticized for quietly signing deals without discussing construction with nearby residents, now they’re encountering backlash before any deal is in the books, Data Center Watch found.
“In some cases,” researchers reported, “opposition mobilized before any project was officially filed, the mere rumor of a data center was enough to trigger organized resistance.”
AI industry struggles to counter narrative
AI firms and data center developers, as well as officials who hope to benefit from striking deals, are beginning to counter the data center hate as best they can.
Most recently, OpenAI released a report claiming that China was trying to influence the US data center debate by using ChatGPT. OpenAI quickly banned the bad actors, they reported, who were creating comics and memes to post on X, as well as generating social media comments, supposedly in the hopes of swaying US sentiment.
There has also been a push to paint public dissent as “naïve,” McMillan Cottom noted, “or, worse, un-American.”
Proponents of data centers argue that debates over electricity price hikes or water resources are misinformed. In a recent Atlantic piece claiming “the data-center panic is overblown,” it’s emphasized that only drought-stricken locations or areas with strained grids need to worry about those concerns. And economists suggested that communities risk overlooking little-discussed long-term benefits, like employment gains that “are likely to grow as new data centers attract businesses that use AI.”
In Loudon County, Virginia, The Atlantic noted, 53 million square feet of data centers have been constructed over the past 20 years. Although data centers account for only about 3 percent of the county’s land area, they generate “almost half of its property-tax revenue—a projected $1.3 billion in 2026,” The Atlantic reported. Although some data center projects were removed from residential zones due to noise complaints, communities have largely benefited from letting data centers in, with lower tax rates and more affordable housing.
This week, Meta claimed a similar data center PR win in Louisiana. One of the tech giant’s data center projects more than doubled Richland Parish’s sales and use tax, leading some teachers to get $50,000 bonuses, due to an ordinance that “lets the school board collect a 1 percent sales tax to fund teacher bonuses,” The Wall Street Journal reported. Scott Franklin, a director of the parish’s chamber of commerce and a farmer who sold the land to Meta for the data center, told WSJ that “anybody that complains about teachers getting a $50,000 check, they just instantly lose all credibility with me.”
But The Atlantic story seems to gloss over one of the biggest complaints that locals have about data centers: a lack of comprehensive environmental reviews. Mostly, communities simply don’t want local officials to take the kind of shortcuts to expedite data center approvals that Donald Trump and other Republicans have called for.
In Illinois, Governor J.B. Pritzker is pushing lawmakers to develop a legislative framework for responsible data center development in the state with proper environmental reviews at its center. And other cities, counties, and states are pivoting to get residents more information as deals are increasingly obstructed by residents loudly vocalizing opposition. Most recently, a data center developer in Utah vowed to handle all communications himself to make his construction project more transparent, after backlash reduced the total approved land area for the site by 50 percent.
Dems slow to embrace data center resistance
McMillan Cottom suggested that no public officials on the right or the left have perfected their messaging to align with anti-data center sentiments. It may be money standing in the Democrats’ way of fully embracing the data center resistance, she suggested, as many AI firms are donating hundreds of millions to campaigns to sway elections.
Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren’s plans to tax AI firms to force more transparency are “wonky,” she said. And Sen. Bernie Sanders’ call for Americans to profit off AI—which Trump, to some degree, agrees on—depends on creating a wealth fund that at least one critic warned “would enshrine the tech sector’s as-yet-unproven claims of its importance.”
Perhaps Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez has come closest to plugging into the nationwide rage. After joining Sanders in calling for a nationwide data center moratorium in March, she used jars she claimed were filled with dirty data center water to press the Environmental Protection Agency over its alleged failures to investigate a Meta project in Georgia.
Meta has denied that its Georgia data center is polluting waters. But analysts think that Ocasio-Cortez’s instinct to use the jars to symbolize data center opposition seems more likely to strike a nerve and drum up support than even the most genuine pushes to regulate or tax data centers, so long as the long-term harms of construction remain unknown and the risks of AI remain abstract.
The Atlantic’s piece concluded that the “reasons for resisting data centers may ultimately have less to do with the tangible costs than the symbolic ones.”
Along similar lines, McMillan Cottom suggested that “the voters showing up to fight data centers demonstrate that a lot of us want something different.” And what many politicians and AI fans see as a sea of unsubstantiated backlash is actually “the righteous rage driving millions of Americans to look up from their enemy and finally see, instead, a neighbor and future worth fighting for,” she wrote.