Apple 提出 RISED：用评分量表引导多环境 LLM 智能体的数据选择与自蒸馏
RISED: Rubrics for Agentic Multi-Environment Selection and Self-Distillation
Apple 研究团队提出 RISED，将评分量表（rubrics）从奖励信号扩展为多环境 LLM 智能体训练中的数据选择与策略监督工具。该方法由 LLM judge 用跨环境共享的评分量表词表标注每条 rollout，据此挑选与混合环境批次行为构成一致的数据，并用正向量表为正策略自蒸馏教师提供 token 级监督、负向量表引导后续生成避开重复失败模式。
AuthorsJingtan Wang†**, Sirajul Salekin, Young mok Jung, Javier Movellan, Bryan Kian Hsiang Low†, Manjot Bilkhu
Training a single LLM agent jointly across diverse interactive environments has attracted increasing attention as a route to generalist agents. Existing curriculum and data-selection strategies often allocate training at the environment level or prioritize local reward-based signals, without explicitly considering relationships between current rollouts across environments for prompt-group selection. Meanwhile, as environments are learned at different rates, all-failure and all-success rollout groups can coexist within a batch, leaving those data without group-relative reward signals. Both challenges highlight limitations of relying solely on scalar rewards in multi-environment RL: they provide limited information about cross-environment relationships and no within-group reward contrast when rewards are identical. This motivates richer textual feedback, such as rubrics describing rollout behaviours, to guide learning. Beyond rubrics’ usage as reward, we repurpose rubrics to guide both online data selection and policy supervision. An LLM judge tags each rollout using a predefined rubric vocabulary shared across environments. The resulting profiles guide the selection of data that aligns with the overall behavioural composition of the mixed-environment batch while limiting overlap with already-selected data. Available positive rubrics (describing desired behaviours) provide privileged context for an on-policy self-distillation teacher, supplying additional token-level supervision, while negative rubrics (describing undesired behaviours) guide subsequent rollout generation away from recurring failure modes. Together, these components form RISED. Across model backbones, RISED achieves the highest mean pass rate across environments and ranks first or second in every individual environment. Rubric-based analysis of RISED can further characterize the behavioural changes accompanying these gains.
- † National University of Singapore
- ** Work done while at Apple
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来源：Apple Machine Learning Research · machinelearning.apple.com